Trauma to a horseshoe kidney.

Figure 2 Right mid and lower zone opacification after lung re-expansion. rax and pooling of fluid in the affected lung causing hypovolaemia. Packed cell volume rises,3 as in the case reported here, and responds to prompt fluid resuscitation. Recollapse of the affected lung may in theory reverse the cardiorespiratory compromise but there are no reports of its application. The use of diuretics is contraindicated in the presence of hypovolaemia. Treatment of a large pneumothorax that has been present for some days should aim for slow re-expansion, either by intermittent aspiration or intercostal chest tube drainage with intermittent clamping, together with close monitoring of vital signs. Dehydration and hypoxaemia should be corrected early. Suction should be avoided as an initial treatment.